At the time, it was believed that yawing and cavitation of projectiles was primarily responsible for tissue damage. Some Western authorities believed this bullet was designed to tumble in flesh to increase wounding potential. pressure to certify for sale to consumers.Įarly ballistics tests demonstrated a pronounced tumbling effect with high speed cameras. regulated countries every rifle cartridge combo has to be proofed at 125% of this maximum C.I.P. (Commission Internationale Permanente Pour L'Epreuve Des Armes A Feu Portatives) guidelines the 5.45×39mm case can handle up to 380 MPa (55,000 psi) piezo pressure. The common rifling twist rate for this cartridge is 255 mm (1 in 10 inches), 4 grooves, Ø lands = 5.40 mm, Ø grooves = 5.60 mm, land width = 2.60 mm and the primer type is either berdan or small rifle.Īccording to the official C.I.P. Īmericans would define the shoulder angle at α⁄ 2 ≈ 20.3°. In the former Soviet Union this ammunition is produced in Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine.ĥ.45×39mm maximum C.I.P. Military 5.45×39mm ammunition was produced in the former Soviet Union, GDR and Yugoslavia, and is produced in Bulgaria, Poland and Romania. lb) delivered by the 7.62×39mm in the AKM assault rifle.lb) delivered by the 5.56×45mm NATO in the M16 assault rifle and 7.19 J (5.30 ft.Tests indicate the free recoil energy delivered by the 5.45×39 mm AK-74 assault rifle is 3.39 J (2.50 ft The propellant charge is a ball powder with similar burning characteristics to the WC 844 powder used in 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition. The primer has a copper cup and is sealed with a heavy red lacquer. Its 39.37 mm (1.55 in) length makes it slightly longer than the 7.62×39mm case which measures exactly 38.60 mm (1.52 in). The brown-lacquered steel case is Berdan primed. The lead plug, in combination with the air space at the point of the bullet, has the effect of moving the bullet's center of gravity to the rear the hollow air space also makes the bullet's point prone to deformation when the bullet strikes anything solid, inducing yaw. The 5N7 uses a boattail design to reduce drag and there is a small lead plug crimped in place in the base of the bullet. The bullet is cut to length during the manufacturing process to give the correct weight. The unhardened steel core is covered by a thin lead coating which does not fill the entire point end, leaving a hollow cavity inside the nose. The 3.2 g (49.4 gr) boattail projectile has a gilding-metal-clad jacket. The Soviet original military issue 5N7 cartridge variant introduced in 1974 are loaded with full metal jacket bullets that have a somewhat complex construction. Cartridges like the 5.45×39mm, 5.56×45mm NATO and Chinese 5.8×42mm allow a soldier to carry more ammunition for the same weight compared to their larger and heavier predecessor cartridges and produce relatively low bolt thrust and free recoil impulse, favouring light weight arms design and automatic fire accuracy. The 5.45×39mm is an example of an international tendency towards relatively small sized, light weight, high velocity military service cartridges. The 5.45×39mm cartridge was developed in the early 1970s by a group of Soviet designers and engineers under the direction of M. 4.3 Training and instruction cartridges.It gradually supplemented then largely replaced the 7.62×39mm round in service. It was introduced into service in 1974 by the Soviet Union for use with the new AK-74 assault rifle. The 5.45×39mm cartridge is a rimless bottlenecked rifle cartridge. Soviet Union/Russian Federation, former Soviet republics, former Warsaw PactĪfghan War, Georgian Civil War, First Chechen War, Second Chechen War, Yugoslav Warsģ.43 g (53 gr) 7N6 FMJ hardened steel coreģ.62 g (56 gr) 7N10 FMJ enhanced penetrationģ.68 g (57 gr) 7N22 AP hardened steel coreĥ.2 g (80 gr) 7U1 subsonic for silenced AKS-74UB
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